Research & Studies
PUBLICATIONS & FINDINGS
Surviving the Citation Gate: What ChatGPT Cites When Buyers Are Asking
What separates pages that ChatGPT cites from pages it retrieves and discards, conditioned on commercial intent. 217,508 retrieved pages across 7,500 commercial prompts, segmented by buying-journey stage and analyzed under four cross-checked analytical passes.
Inside ChatGPT's Search-to-Citation Funnel: Where Pages Lose Visibility
How ChatGPT moves from search to citation. 548,534 pages retrieved across 15,000 prompts analyzed to separate the retrieval decision from the citation decision, with rank-controlled six-model decomposition and DA × rank tier cross-stratification.
Community Platforms and UGC as Citation Sources in AI Search
How user-generated content and community platforms shape brand visibility across ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, and Google AI Mode. 5.5M answers and 61K queries analyzed across 821,000 cited domains.
Borrowed Visibility: How AI Engines Discover Brands Through Third-Party Content
Where AI search engines actually find brands. 21,311 brand mentions across ChatGPT, Claude, and Perplexity analyzed for first-party vs. third-party share, content type, and cross-model consistency.
Citation Drift: Brand Visibility Volatility in AI Search
How visibility shifts run-to-run when the same query is asked of the same model. 45,000+ citations across 800 queries analyzed for consistency, reappearance, and the citation-vs-mention divide.
Title and Slug Alignment as ChatGPT Citation Signals
The title and slug alignment profile of pages ChatGPT cites. Lemma overlap, Jaccard similarity, and cosine similarity measured across commercial and informational query types.
Content Freshness as a Citation Signal in AI Search
The recency profile of pages ChatGPT cites. 4,000+ cited pages across 900 high-intent queries in 15 industries, analyzed by last-updated date, publish date, and query intent.
Content Structure and LLM Extractability
Which on-page structural attributes separate ChatGPT-cited pages from pages that rank on Google's first page but are not cited. 12,000+ URLs compared across schema, heading structure, lists, and bullets.